Generation of Computer in Hindi and English
Generation of Computer
Computers have gone through many changes over time. The first generation of computers started around 1940 and since then there have been five generations of computers until 2024. Computers evolved over a long period of time, starting from the 16th century, and continuously improved themselves in terms of speed, accuracy, size, and price to become the modern day computer.
समय के साथ कंप्यूटर में कई बदलाव हुए हैं। कंप्यूटर की पहली पीढ़ी 1940 के आसपास शुरू हुई और तब से लेकर 2024 तक कंप्यूटर की पाँच पीढ़ियाँ आ चुकी हैं। 16वीं शताब्दी से शुरू होकर कंप्यूटर लंबे समय तक विकसित हुए और गति, सटीकता, आकार और कीमत के मामले में लगातार खुद को बेहतर बनाते हुए आधुनिक कंप्यूटर बन गए।
The generation of computer 1st to 5th long period is often conveniently divided into the subsequent phases called generations of computers.
कंप्यूटर की पहली से पांचवीं पीढ़ी की लंबी अवधि को अक्सर सुविधाजनक रूप से बाद के चरणों में विभाजित किया जाता है जिन्हें कंप्यूटर की पीढ़ियां कहा जाता है।
Generation of Computer Time-Period Evolving Hardware
First Generation 1940s – 1950s Vacuum Tube Based
Second Generation 1950s – 1960s Transistor Based
Third Generation 1960s – 1970s Integrated Circuit Based
Fourth Generation 1970s – Present Microprocessor Based
Fifth Generation Present – Future Artificial Intelligence Based
First Generation of Computer (1940s-1950s)
Vacuum tubes served as the primary electronic component of the first generations of computers. Vacuum tubes were big, heavy things that used a lot of electricity. These computers had only a few kilohertz of speed, which was also quite slow.
वैक्यूम ट्यूब कंप्यूटर की पहली पीढ़ी के प्राथमिक इलेक्ट्रॉनिक घटक के रूप में काम करते थे। वैक्यूम ट्यूब बड़ी, भारी चीजें थीं जो बहुत अधिक बिजली का उपयोग करती थीं। इन कंप्यूटरों की गति केवल कुछ किलोहर्ट्ज़ थी, जो काफी धीमी भी थी।
Characteristics of First Generation of Computer
Characteristics Components
1) Main electronic component Vacuum tube
2) Programming language Machine language
3) Main memory Magnetic tapes and magnetic drums
4) Input/output devices Paper tape and punched cards
5) Speed and size Very slow and very large (often taking up an entire room)
6) Examples of the first generation IBM 650, IBM 701, ENIAC, UNIVAC1, etc.
Second Generation of Computer (1950s-1960s)
Transistors, as opposed to vacuum tubes, were employed in the second generation of computers. Compared to vacuum tubes, transistors were quicker, more efficient, and smaller. Smaller, more potent computers could be created as a result.
वैक्यूम ट्यूब के विपरीत, ट्रांजिस्टर का इस्तेमाल दूसरी पीढ़ी के कंप्यूटरों में किया गया। वैक्यूम ट्यूब की तुलना में, ट्रांजिस्टर तेज़, अधिक कुशल और छोटे थे। परिणामस्वरूप छोटे, अधिक शक्तिशाली कंप्यूटर बनाए जा सके।
Characteristics of Second Generation of Computer
Characteristics Components
1) Main electronic component Transistor
2) Programming language Machine language and assembly language
3) Memory Magnetic core and magnetic tape/disk
4) Input/output devices Magnetic tape and punched cards
5) Power and size Smaller in size, had low power consumption, and generated less heat (in comparison with the first- generation computers)
6) Examples of the second generation PDP-8, IBM1400 series, IBM 7090 and 7094, UNIVAC 1107, CDC 3600, etc.
Third Generation of Computer (1960s-1970s)
Integrated circuits (ICs) served as the primary electronic component of the third generation of computers. Transistors are built into integrated circuits (ICs) and are engraved onto a single chip. This made it possible to create increasingly more compact and potent computers.
एकीकृत सर्किट (IC) तीसरी पीढ़ी के कंप्यूटरों के प्राथमिक इलेक्ट्रॉनिक घटक के रूप में काम करते थे। ट्रांजिस्टर एकीकृत सर्किट (IC) में बनाए जाते हैं और एक ही चिप पर उकेरे जाते हैं। इससे अधिक कॉम्पैक्ट और शक्तिशाली कंप्यूटर बनाना संभव हो गया।
Characteristics of the Third Generation of Computer
Characteristics Components
Main electronic component Integrated circuits (ICs)
Programming language High-level language
Memory Large magnetic core, magnetic tape/disk
Input/output devices Magnetic tape, monitor, keyboard, printer, etc.
Examples of the third generation IBM 360, IBM 370, PDP-11, NCR 395, B6500, UNIVAC 1108, etc.
Fourth Generation of Computer (1970s-1980s)
Microprocessors are the primary electronic component used in computers that belong to the fourth generation. Single chips called microprocessors house the central processing unit (CPU), memory, and other parts. Personal computers (PCs) and other compact, cheap computers were made possible as a result.
माइक्रोप्रोसेसर चौथी पीढ़ी के कंप्यूटरों में इस्तेमाल होने वाला प्राथमिक इलेक्ट्रॉनिक घटक है। माइक्रोप्रोसेसर नामक एकल चिप्स में सेंट्रल प्रोसेसिंग यूनिट (सीपीयू), मेमोरी और अन्य भाग होते हैं। पर्सनल कंप्यूटर (पीसी) और अन्य कॉम्पैक्ट, सस्ते कंप्यूटर इसी के परिणामस्वरूप संभव हुए।
Characteristics of The Fourth Generation of Computer
Characteristics Components
Main electronic component Very-large-scale integration (VLSI) and the microprocessor (VLSI has thousands of transistors on a single microchip)
Memory Semiconductor memory (such as RAM, ROM, etc.)
Input/output devices Pointing devices, optical scanning, keyboard, monitor, printer, etc.
Examples of the fourth generation IBM PC, STAR 1000, APPLE II, Apple Macintosh, Altair 8800, etc.
Fifth Generation of Computer (1980s-Present)
The fifth generation of computers, which is currently being developed, is concentrated on parallel processing and artificial intelligence (AI). AI refers to a computer’s capacity to learn and think like a human. The capacity of computers to carry out several tasks at once is known as parallel processing.
कंप्यूटर की पांचवीं पीढ़ी, जिसे वर्तमान में विकसित किया जा रहा है, समानांतर प्रसंस्करण और कृत्रिम बुद्धिमत्ता (एआई) पर केंद्रित है। एआई एक कंप्यूटर की मनुष्य की तरह सीखने और सोचने की क्षमता को संदर्भित करता है। एक साथ कई कार्य करने की कंप्यूटर की क्षमता को समानांतर प्रसंस्करण के रूप में जाना जाता है।
Characteristics of Fifth and Current Generations of Computer
Characteristics Components
Main electronic component Based on artificial intelligence, uses Ultra Large-Scale Integration (ULSI) technology and parallel processing method
Language Understands natural language (human language)
Size Portable and small in size
Input/output devices Trackpad (or touchpad), touchscreen, pen, speech input (voice recognition), light scanner, printer, keyboard, monitor, mouse, etc.
Example of the fifth generation Desktops, laptops, tablets, smartphones, etc.
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